bar

In the earlier lessons, Data representation using tally marks, table, and pictograph were explained. These representations were useful to understand details like which data-value is large, which data-values are comparable , etc.

The data can be given in a spatially laid out visual form. It is widely used in newspapers and other publications.

Consider the data: Number of students who took a given fruit.

    orange `2`
    apple `2`
    mango `5`
    banana `1`

The figure depicts a "bargraph" of the data.

The word "bar-graph" means: data represented with bars. The representation can be with horizontal or vertical bars.

scaling the bar

Earlier, we learned about scaling in pictographs. Scaling was introduced to represent large data-values.

The bar graphs have a similar problem. The numbers marked in vertical axis will be too close for large values.

The following data is represented:
    Orange : `15`
    Apple : `10`
    Mango : `30`
    Banana : `5`

Instead of marking each of the values in the vertical axis, the values are marked in increment of `5`. This is illustrated in the figure.

The number of apples `12` is represented with a vertical bar of height `12`.

Similarly the number of mangoes `28` is represented with a vertical bar of height `28`.

Outline

The outline of material to learn "basics of statistics and probability" is as follows.

Note: Click here for detailed outline of "Basics of Statistics and Probability"

•   Introduction

    →   Introduction to Statistics

    →   Organizing Data : Tally Table

    →   Pictograph

    →   Bargraph

•   Data Analysis

    →   Cumulative Frequency

    →   Representative Values of Data

    →   Central Tendencies

    →   Bargraphs & Piecharts

•   Probability Fundamentals

    →   Predicting Future

    →   Random Experiment

    →   Probability

    →   Standard Experiments

•   Statistics Grouped Data

    →   Grouped Data

    →   Probability in Grouped Data

    →   Class Parameters of Grouped Data

    →   Methods to find Mean of Grouped data

    →   Mode of Grouped data

    →   Median of Grouped Data
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