Statistics & Probability
Welcome to the astoundingly clear introduction to statistics and probability. Learn in this
• how data can be organized in tally and table form
• how data collected in statistics can be used to predict future occurrences
• how the predicting the outcome can be captured as a probability in random experiments. The details are ingenious and provided nowhere else.
• how continuous data can be represented as grouped data and analyzed
maths > statistics-basics > understanding-statistics
Understanding Statistics
A simple introduction to what is data and what we learn in statistics is given with an example.
maths > statistics-basics > organizing-data-tally-table
Tally and Table Representation of Data
With examples, the tally and table representations are introduced.
maths > statistics-basics > pictograph-representation
Pictograph representation
With simple examples, the pictograph representation of Data is explained.
maths > statistics-basics > bargraph-representation
Bar-graph representation
With simple examples, the bar-graph representation of Data is explained.
maths > statistics-basics > statistics-cumulative-frequency
Cumulative Frequency
In this page, the following are introduced with examples
• range of data
• frequency of a data-point
• cumulative frequency
maths > statistics-basics > representative-values-of-data
Representative Values of Data : Mean, Median, Mode
In this page, the mean, median, mode of a data is introduced with examples.
• Mean is the value when the data is evenly distributed to all the values.
• Median is the value that has equal number of smaller and larger data values in the given data.
• Mode is the value that is repeated most number of times in the data.
maths > statistics-basics > central-tendencies-as-representative-values
Central Tendencies of Data : Mean, Median, Mode
In this page, computing mean, median, and mode using tally / table form of data is explained with examples.
maths > statistics-basics > representation-reading-bargraphs-piecharts
Bar-graphs : Representation and Reading
In this page the following are covered.
• Reading a bar-graph of given data
• Representation of two sets of data using bar-graphs
• Representation of data using pie-charts
maths > statistics-basics > statistics-to-predict-future
Statistics to Predict Future
Learn how data collected can be used to predict future. This is an important lesson, and it is not found in any other books or websites.
maths > statistics-basics > introduction-random-experiment
Introduction to Random Experiments
The following are introduced and explained
• random experiment
• possible outcomes
• sample space
• sample point
• event
• probability of an event
maths > statistics-basics > introduction-probability-of-event
Probability of an Event in Random Experiments
In this page, learn how statistical data can be used to predict an outcome of a random experiment.
Such prediction requires large effort and small variations in the data can cause errors.
So the possible outcomes are theorized as having equal chances and the probability of an outcome is defined.
maths > statistics-basics > probability-standard-experiments
Standard Random Experiments
The following standard random experiments are explained.
• tossing a coin
• rolling a dice
• picking a ball of a color from a box
In each of these, the statistical methods to predict the outcome of an experiment requires large effort and small variations in data can cause errors in the prediction. So the possible outcomes are theorized as having equal chances and the probability of an outcome is defined.
maths > statistics-basics > grouped-data-introduction
Introduction to Grouped Data
Grouped data is introduced and explained with some examples.
maths > statistics-basics > grouped-data-probability
Predicting using Grouped Data : Probability
In this page, finding probability of grouped data is explained with some examples.
maths > statistics-basics > grouped-data-class-parameters
Grouped Data - Class Interval & Class Mark
In this page, class interval and class mark of grouped data is explained with some examples.
maths > statistics-basics > grouped-data-mean-direct-assumed-mean-step-deviation-methods
Mean of Group Data - Direct Method
In this page, finding mean of grouped data is explained with some examples.
Simplified procedures to find mean are explained.
(a) assumed mean method,
(b) step deviation method
maths > statistics-basics > grouped-data-mode
Mode of Group Data
In this page, finding mode of grouped data is explained with some examples.
The formula is derived for students to understand how mode is calculated -- this is not available in other books.
maths > statistics-basics > grouped-data-median
Median of Group Data
In this page, finding median of grouped data is explained with some examples.